Glossary

This is an LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) database that was constructed in accordance with Japan's domestic Industry structure and supply chains. It contains highly reliable Emission factor for precisely understanding GHG (greenhouse gas) emission amount throughout the entire life cycle of products and Service , and is primarily used by companies that calculate greenhouse gas emission amount on a volume basis.

GAIA-X is a framework for secure data sharing and utilization between companies. Since there are limitations to the data that each company can collect individually, collaboration allows companies to efficiently obtain information on product life cycles and supply chains. This will promote efforts to improve productivity and decarbonize.

One of the key features of GAIA-X is "data sovereignty." It is a mechanism that allows companies to specify who will use their data, allowing highly confidential information to be shared safely and protecting it from unauthorized access and cyber attacks.

The purpose of GAIA-X is to build a safe and reliable open infrastructure and increase the competitiveness of companies. Currently, major global companies such as Amazon and Google from the US and Alibaba Group from China are participating in this framework, and it is expected to continue to expand.

The official name is Global Reporting Initiative.

An international framework that promotes reporting on corporate sustainability. Established in 1997, it aims to increase transparency and accountability for sustainable development. GRI is a set of standards that reflect international Best Practice for companies to assess and report on their environmental, social, and economic impacts.
The GRI Standards, which have been published in stages since 2016, are used by many Japanese companies to Create sustainability reports.

The GRI Standards Settings important indicators and themes that companies should consider when reporting. These include environmental impacts (e.g., air emissions, water and wastewater), working conditions (e.g., employment, labor-management relations, occupational health and safety, impacts on local Community, corporate governance, etc.). Based on these standards, companies can measure their sustainability performance and disclose to stakeholders in a globally shared language.

"International Sustainability Standards Board"

An organization established by the IFRS Foundation, which operates the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). It is responsible for formulating international reporting standards for sustainability. Its purpose is to provide internationally unified standards for companies to disclose information related to environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues in a consistent, comparable and reliable manner, thereby enabling investors and stakeholders to appropriately evaluate the sustainability risks and opportunities of companies.

There are two disclosure standards, IFRS S1 and S2, both of which are based on the TCFD recommendations. S1 requires disclosure of sustainability-related financial information, while S2 requires disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.

The World Energy Outlook, published by the IEA, is updated annually and the 2023 edition was released on October 24th. The report predicts that the rapid development of clean Energy technologies such as solar power generation, wind power generation, electric vehicles, and heat pumps will reshape the power supply system, significantly changing the global Energy system over the next decade. However, the report warns that this progress in clean Energy is due to current national policies, and that even stronger measures are required to limit global warming to 1.5°C. The IEA also publishes Intensity and indicators based on major trends in the Energy market and technology in its paid version of the report, which serves as an important source of information for policymakers and industry participants.

International Energy Agency

Following the first oil crisis in 1974, the IEA was established as an autonomous organization within the OECD framework at the suggestion of then-US Secretary of State Kissinger. Member countries are required to stockpile oil and are required to cooperate in times of supply uncertainty. The World Energy Outlook (WEO), published by the IEA in recent years, analyzes major trends in the Energy market and technology, and presents medium- to long-term directions for Energy investment and development based on three scenarios. These scenarios are regularly updated, and the following are currently in use:

- Stated Policy Scenario (STEPS): Scenarios based on policies that have already been announced and implemented by each country.

・Announced Pledges Scenario (APS): A scenario that assumes the achievement of the ambitious targets Settings by each country.

・Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE): The path necessary to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emission amount by 2050

The IEA also provides detailed data and analysis in its paid editions, including information on Energy market Intensity(e.g., figures per unit of Energy consumption or greenhouse gas emission amount) to help member countries and companies plan Energy policies and investment strategies more effectively.

This report was approved and accepted at the 48th Session of the IPCC (October 1-6, 2018, Incheon, South Korea). It assesses the impacts of a 1.5°C rise in global average temperatures above pre- Industry levels and the greenhouse gas emission pathways that would lead to this. As of 2017, human-caused temperature rise had already reached approximately 1.0°C, and if global warming continues at its current pace, the risks will increase further. Regarding the impacts of a 1.5°C temperature rise, the report focuses on the risks and impact patterns to changes in the climate system, ecosystems, and human society, and reports that limiting the temperature rise to 1.5°C would reduce these risks.

The report was published by the IPCC between 2021 and 2022. The main Contents are as follows:

There is no doubt that global warming is caused by human activity.

- The impact of human activity is also evident in the increase in extreme phenomena such as extreme heat and heavy rain.

To limit global warming to 1.5°C, we need to achieve net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by the middle of this century.

- The possibility of accelerated sea level rise due to instability of the Antarctic ice sheet cannot be ruled out.

The report warns that more urgent and stronger action is needed and calls on the international community to step up efforts to combat climate change.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental organization established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). As of March 2022, 195 countries and regions are members of the organization. With the cooperation of scientists from around the world, the organization Create regular reports based on literature, such as papers published in scientific journals, and evaluates and provides the latest scientific knowledge on climate change. The IPCC also publishes Emission intensity, contributing to the formulation of climate change policies.

An index that shows the strength of the impact that greenhouse gases have on global warming. Using CO2 as the standard, it numerically expresses how much warming other greenhouse gases cause when used in the same amount. Since greenhouse gases have different life spans, the numerical value also changes depending on the length of the evaluation period. For this reason, it is necessary to Settings the evaluation period according to the intended use.